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East Asia & Pacific is facing some great development challenges today: urbanization, protection of the environment, the need to find renewable energy sources and many others. This site wants to create a conversation around those important issues. More »

Cambodia

Working with migrant workers in Thailand: an unsung heroine

ยังมีอีกที่ ภาษาไทย

Khun Patima (right) works with migrant workers in Thailand.

 

On 11/11/11, in the midst of the Thailand flood crisis, the Labor Rights Promotion Network Foundation (LPN), one of the organizations who received World Bank support through the Civil Society and Small Grants Program, provided relief. Not just for Thais affected by the deluge but also for migrant workers who had little access to help. Through Project Manager Patima Tangprachayakul, I learned that LPN was busy with much more than just the flood relief effort. In an assignment for One Day on Earth: Women at Work, a campaign aimed at increasing awareness for the important contributions of women in the workplace, I got the chance to join Khun Patima on a visit to a flood evacuation center set up for migrants. She told me about her work on human rights, how her work has added value to her life, and how one woman could give her energy for a better world.

ปฏิมา ผู้หญิงปิดทองหลังพระ กับการทำงานช่วยเหลือแรงงานข้ามชาติ

Available in English

ในวันที่ 11 พฤศจิกายน 2554 (11/11/11) ท่ามกลางวิกฤตน้ำท่วม มูลนิธิเครือข่ายส่งเสริมคุณภาพชีวิตแรงงาน ซึ่งเป็นหนึ่งในองค์กรเอกชนที่ได้รับการสนับสนุนจากธนาคารโลกผ่านโครงการ Civil Society and Small Grants Programได้ทำงานบรรเทาทุกข์ให้กับผู้ประสบอุทกภัย พวกเขาทำงานไม่เฉพาะแค่สำหรับคนไทยที่กำลังตกความลำบาก แต่ยังยื่นมือให้กับคนงานต่างชาติที่ไม่ค่อยได้รับความช่วยเหลือ สิ่งที่ผมได้เรียนรู้จากคุณปฏิมา ตั้งปรัชญากูล ผู้จัดการโครงการของมูลนิธิฯ คือ ทางมูลนิธิฯ มีภาระกิจนอกเหนือไปจากการบรรเทาทุกข์น้ำท่วมมาก ระหว่างการถ่ายทำ One Day on Earth: Women at Work ซึ่งเป็นการรณรงค์ในเรื่องความสำคัญของผู้หญิงในสถานที่ทำงาน ผมได้มีโอกาสติดตามคุณปฏิมาไปที่ศูนย์อพยพผู้ประสบภัยน้ำท่วมที่จัดตั้งขึ้นสำหรับคนงานข้ามชาติ เธอพูดถึงงานของเธอเกี่ยวกับสิทธิมนุษยชน งานของเธอที่ช่วยเหลือคนอื่นได้เสริมคุณค่าชีวิตของเธออย่างไร และการที่ผู้หญิงคนหนึ่งสามารถใช้พลังของเธอช่วยสร้างโลกให้ดีขึ้นได้อย่างไร

สำนักงานมูลนิธิฯ ตั้งอยู่ที่จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร เมืองอุตสาหกรรมรอบนอกกรุงเทพฯ ที่นั่นมีแรงงานข้ามชาติประมาณ 400,000 คนจากเมียนมาร์ ลาว และกัมพูชา ครึ่งหนึ่งเป็นคนงานผิดกฎหมาย และส่วนมากไม่รู้สิทธิของตัวเอง โครงการของมูลนิธิฯ ที่ดำเนินงานกับ Civil Society and Small Grants Program มุ่งที่การให้ความรู้พื้นฐานในเรื่องสิทธิ์ เช่น การเข้ารักษาพยาบาล และการพูดคุยกับนางจ้าง คุณปฏิมาเน้นว่า คนงานต่างชาติก็มีสิทธิ์เช่นกัน และเราทุกคนควรได้รับการคุ้มครองโดยสิทธิมนุษยชนสากลอย่างเท่าเทียมกั

Farewell

It is part of World Bank tradition that, just before retiring, a staff member sends a short email to his/her colleagues to express how much they have enjoyed the challenges of working here, the partnerships they have had in their focus countries, and - most of all - the camaraderie of their committed, dedicated, hard-working co-workers. All this could be perceived as trite, but the feelings are absolutely genuine – as I am now finding.

A few months ago, as part of a Bank-wide initiative to give experienced staff the opportunity to focus on other regions, I was required to shift from the East Asia and Pacific region (where I have spent my whole Bank career). I considered the offer to move to Lusaka, Zambia, but, after 35 years of living in and working on Asia, I concluded that although it would be interesting, my net value in the world of conservation was probably greater in Asia than in a continent about which I know virtually nothing. So, I have resigned.

Cambodia moves to increase exports of its "white gold" (rice)

To a tourist visiting Cambodia, or to a French consumer living in Cambodia (whose food habits require a complement of pasta and potatoes), rice will mainly mean the stunning landscapes of rice fields, yellow at harvest time, bright and liquid during the rainy season, with shades of green meanwhile. But to a Cambodian consumer and to a Cambodian farmer, as well as to their Government (and to the French economist), rice is the staple crop, a possible “white gold” as the Prime Minister once put it, and a major part of a poverty reduction strategy.

On August 17, 2010, the Prime Minister launched a “policy paper on the promotion of paddy production and rice exports” (see announcement). This is a good and promising example of a cluster approach to Cambodia's growth strategy.

Cambodia is an important but still small rice exporter. Cambodia has been an exporter of rice since 2004, but a large part of the exports was unprocessed (paddy) or even smuggled through the border. Yet Cambodia has abundant land and sits in a region that is both fertile for and in high demand of rice (see Chapter 1 of our report on growth).

So far the potential comparative advantage for rice was diluted by various costs, official (e.g. electricity) or unofficial (e.g. illegal check points). Poor coordination of public and private actors was also undermining the potential. For instance weak land titling systems and weak sanitary controls were a constraint that led to limited access to finance, itself contributing to limited value addition. However the significant increase in price in 2008 - and again a rebound in the past few weeks - has drastically changed the economics of the sector.

Cambodia's economy in 2010: After unusual year, is recovery on its way for workers and entrepreneurs?

When I was asked to look back at Cambodia's economy in 2009 and ahead to 2010, I began to wish I had some magic tools such as this ox (although in that case, the ox was not that magical, since the 2009 harvest turned out to be quite good).

Cambodia’s year of 2009 was an unusual one. The sustained period of rapid growth – almost 10 percent for 10 years – came to an end. The 2009 growth forecasts are still being debated, between the International Monetary Fund (-2.75 percent), the World Bank (-2.2 percent), the ADB (-1.5 percent), and the Government (+2.0 percent). But the core issue is somewhere else: it is the fact that most citizens and investors were planning on continued rapid growth, and this did not happen in 2009. Those planning to send remittances to their villages could not do so. Those planning to sell their land for capital gains could not do so. We have seen imports of cars and motorbikes decrease, and some signs of debt distress for a few.

Empowering adolescent girls in East Asia and the Pacific to protect, build human capital

Some recipients of a scholarship given to young girls in Cambodia at the end of primary school. The program has had a significant effect on girls’ secondary enrollment. (photo by Deon Filmer)

Those of us who have had the pleasure of raising an adolescent girl – and survived the experience – might blanch at the thought of a program to stimulate education that gave her, rather than the doting parent, a grant equivalent to 3% of the family’s average per capita monthly consumption. And yet, that’s exactly what a policy experiment, conducted by my friend Berk Ozler and other researchers, did in Malawi. What’s more, they found that raising these girl-targeted cash transfers increased school attendance much more than raising those given to parents.

Empowering women with resources has long been recognized as a powerful weapon to safeguard investments in human capital. Research has shown that transfers to women have a more powerful effect than to men in raising school attendance and ensuring that kids are immunized. But more recent research, like Berk et al.’s, is showing that policies aimed directly at adolescent girls and young women may have an even greater effect, not only in encouraging schooling but in ensuring reproductive health. Pascaline Dupas’ policy experiment in Kenya showed that simply giving young women information showing that older men were more likely to be HIV-positive led them to eschew partnering with ‘sugar daddies’.

Growth in China continues to influence East Asia’s economic recovery, two new World Bank reports say

Regionally speaking, developing countries in East Asia and Pacific have rebounded surprisingly quickly from the financial crisis and global recession. But according to a report just released by the World Bank, the regional economic picture isn’t as rosy when China is taken out of the equation. The latest East Asia and Pacific Update report, an assessment of the economic health of the region released every six months, is titled “Transforming the Rebound into Recovery.” The rebound, the report says, was driven in part by large and timely fiscal stimulus spending led by China and Korea. Still, despite the well-performing economies of Indonesia and Vietnam, developing East Asia excluding China is projected to grow at just around 1 percent in 2009. And for Cambodia, Malaysia and Thailand, GDP is contracting.

The China Quarterly Update – a separate report released at the same time as the latest regional assessment and focusing specifically on the Chinese economy – gives a more complete picture of why the country has seen such robust economic growth and what the future may hold. The Bank now projects China to see GDP growth of 8.4 percent for 2009, says the report. The report’s lead author (and blogger) Louis Kuijs wrote an accompanying blog post, which can be read here.

I really recommend taking some time to explore the findings of both reports by visiting the East Asia Update and China Quarterly pages, where you can also download high resolution graphs and watch video interviews with the economists. Also, you'll be able to ask two World Bank economists questions about the regional report in an online chat taking place Thursday, November 12, at 10 a.m. DC time (15:00 GMT or 11:00 p.m. in Beijing). Send your questions now for a better chance of getting them answered.

Health restored? Uncertainty in forecasting Thailand's economic outlook

In Laos, the government has reportedly already healed the economy from the economic flu. But in Thailand, there seems to be more uncertainty about the health of the economy, and some commentators are not ready to call the recession over. The Thai economy contracted by 4.9 percent from the previous year in the second quarter of 2009, better than the 7.1 contraction posted in the first quarter. What can we expect for the rest of 2009 and 2010?
 
This is very timely question for all World Bank economists in East Asia, who are currently finalizing their forecasts for the upcoming East Asia and Pacific Update economic report, to be launched in November. On my end, I am writing this post from Cambodia, where I am meeting with palm readers, fortune tellers and other economic healers to ensure highly accurate forecasts. Let me offer a preview of what the soothsayers are saying.

Regional roundup: Finance in East Asia - Jul. 10

This is the latest installment of the regional round-up and it has been a while.  However, there has not been much groundbreaking news related to the financial crisis to report, with a few exceptions (more to come later). 

New web and mobile connectivity report: China, the Philippines lead region in IT jobs

Students take a computer course at a private school in Cambodia.

A number of fascinating web-related findings came out of a World Bank report, released this week, which ties Internet and mobile phone access in developing countries to economic growth, job creation and good governance. Connectivity in the developing world seems to be better than ever. In developing countries worldwide, there are currently three billion mobile phone users, and the number of Internet users in developing countries increased by 10 times between 2000 and 2007.

In East Asian and Pacific countries, the number of Internet users (15 percent) was slightly above the developing-country average in 2007 (13 percent), but was still below the world average that year (22 percent). The connectivity and access to new information and communications technologies changes the way companies and governments do business, while bringing vital health, financial and other market information to people like never before.

While India is the clear leader in creating information technology-related jobs, China and the Philippines both stand out as benefiting by generating new job opportunities. And within the industry, the Philippines is also notable, because its IT services workforce is made up of 65 percent women, who hold more high-paying jobs than in most other sectors of the economy.

You can take your own look at the statistics compiled on each country, or create your own custom reports, from the IC4D Data & Methodology page.

You can also submit questions now for Christine Zhen-Wei Qiang, World Bank economist and editor of the report, for a live online chat on July 28 at 11 a.m. in Washington, D.C.