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The number of Ironwood trees in Sumatra has greatly reduced because of heavy demand for the timber.
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Just over 25 years ago, I was lucky enough to be working at the University of North Sumatra and writing what became the first in the Ecology of Indonesia series. During that time I did quite a bit of travelling around Sumatra, and it was exciting to find what was thought to be the last bit of pure ironwood forest near Rimbo Kulim not far from Muara Tembesi in Jambi province, a region I’ve been driving around again this last few days.
Ironwood forest in Sumatra is of special interest because of its extremely low diversity of tree species, being dominated (unsurprisingly) by the ironwood, which glories in the scientific name Eusideroxylon zwageri.
Ironwood, a laurel, is found not just in southern Sumatra, but also in Borneo and in the southern Philippines. It grows to 50 meters tall and 2.20 meters in diameter, with a lovely warm red-brown bark, large leaves and heavy fruits. Its timber is economically very valuable because of its strength and durability; it can resist rotting for up to 40 years even when in constant contact with wet soil, or for a century in drier conditions.