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East Asia & Pacific is facing some great development challenges today: urbanization, protection of the environment, the need to find renewable energy sources and many others. This site wants to create a conversation around those important issues. More »

Olympics

Call for a green China: permanent improvement, with room for more

Children perform during "Call for Green China" – a unique cultural tour to raise awareness about pressing environmental issues in China and possible solutions.

The old people in the park are saying that this was the best April in 20-plus years in terms of air quality here in Beijing. There has been permanent improvement based on some of the changes made for the Olympics: some factories relocated to less populous areas, restrictions on private car use, improved public transportation as an alternative.

Other factors are more long term – the sandstorms common when I lived here in 1986 are largely gone, owing to successful re-greening efforts west of here. There was a frenzied pace of construction as modern Beijing was being built, which has naturally slowed down – construction dust was a key part of air pollution here.

There is more room for improvement, but the progress was notable during a lovely April. One key issue going forward will be to continue to control private vehicle use.

From space and on the ground, better air quality observed in Beijing

A few days before the 2008 Olympic Games began last August, China blogger David Dollar noticed that Beijing's efforts to clean up its air seemed to be paying off. Well, it seems that after the officials took the worst polluting vehicles off the road, temporarily shut down some major polluting factories, and limited the amount of traffic, the city's air quality did indeed get better.

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) yesterday released a report concluding that Olympic organizers successfully made efforts to improving the city's environment for an "eco-friendly mass spectator sporting event." The press release stated, "These achievements are all the more impressive given that the Games were held in a rapidly developing city in a country facing multiple development challenges in the first decade of the 21st century." You can download the full report here.

An interesting part of the report points to NASA data, which used satellite imagery to demonstrate that air quality over the city improved. Mongabay.com wrote about these findings in December:

Change in China begins within

In front of the Birds' Nest stadium.

Before, during and after the Olympics there has been an avalanche of news articles around the world asking the question: “Will the Olympics change China?”  In my experience, the Olympics provided ordinary Chinese with a chance to contribute to their society and experience it in a different way than ever before.  While the change this has brought may only be incremental, it is important nonetheless.

The volunteer organization at the Beijing Olympics was China’s largest volunteering effort ever: 600,000 volunteers in total, including 100,000 at the Olympic sites.  I worked more than 100 hours during the Games’ 16 competition days as a volunteer at the Olympic Green, the site of the main arenas and where most of the spectator crowds gathered.  My team comprised a group of young, dynamic university students from all over the country, most aged between 19 and 22.  As “guides” on the site, we helped spectators find the way into and out of stadiums, took photos of excited family groups and had hundreds of photos taken of us, helped the elderly and disabled navigate their way, and located lost children (and the occasional lost wife). 

Beijing closing ceremony opens new era of international multi-polarity

 The Olympics closing ceremony. Photo courtesy of rich115 under a Creative Commons license.

The closing ceremony for the Beijing Olympics was as impressive as the opening.  In between, China put on an amazingly well-organized set of games.  China also won the greatest number of gold medals and came in second behind the USA in total medal count.  This splashy performance definitely caught the attention of people in the West and set off a lot of speculation in the press about what it all means.  Robert Samuelson discusses in a recent column the Beijing Olympics as a metaphor for China overtaking the U.S. as the world's biggest economy.

What struck me most during the last week of events and at the closing ceremony is that we really are living in a new, multi-polar era without one single dominant country.  I was fortunate to see Guo Jingjing win her springboard diving gold; Russia-USA men’s volleyball semifinal; Argentina-Nigeria soccer gold medal game; Jamaican runners dominate the sprints; Ethiopian and Kenyan runners dominate the long distances; and American runners sweep a couple of middle distance events. And while the Americans and Chinese can be justifiably proud of their medal totals, don’t forget that the member states of the EU won vastly more medals and gold medals than either of those countries.  (My informal count as of mid-day Friday was that EU states had won 234 medals including 74 gold.)

Week 2 of the Olympics: many athletes relax, joining the spectator ranks

The Olympics have moved into week 2 with track and field replacing swimming as marquee events and the national stadium (better known as the Bird’s Nest) supplanting the Water Cube as the place to see and to be seen.  With two competition sessions per day scheduled at the Bird’s Nest, which holds 91,000 spectators, the crowds at the Olympic Green have gotten much bigger and the atmosphere livelier.  Families are spending the day on the Green, arriving several hours before competitions and wandering around and/or visiting the numerous sponsor pavilions.

I had been worried that the bigger crowds would lead to long waits in security lines, as I had experienced some delays getting to the Water Cube early in week 1.  However, I should have realized that the Chinese authorities are among the most experienced in the world in managing large crowds.  Indeed, by Saturday morning – the first day of competition at the Bird’s Nest -- 50 or so additional security lanes had been set up and spectators were being moved smoothly through the check points. 

A cool aspect of week 2 is seeing many of the athletes wandering around on the Olympic Green (and elsewhere around town).  During week 1, most of the athletes are either competing or in training, so they don’t get out as much (although Kobe and Lebron somehow managed to show for events all over the city; particularly for Michael Phelps’ swimming events).  By week 2, however, the swimmers, rowers, weight lifters, archers, shooters, fencers, and many other athletes have finished their competitions and are free to be out and about. 

Cheers for the small countries

My new Lithuanian friends.

What the big news story was at the Olympics this week depends on where you are.  In Ulaan Bataar, the big news was Mongolia’s first ever Olympic gold medal.  Naidan Tuvshinbayar won the men’s 100 kg judo competition.  The event was important enough to get rival political parties to shake hands and share the pride.  Looking down the medals table, I think Mongolia and Jamaica (fewer than 3 million people each) are the smallest countries that won gold medals during the first week. 

Jamaica’s gold of course came in the men’s 100 m dash.  Watching that final on TV, it was striking that five of the seven fastest men in the world come from small Caribbean countries (two from Jamaica, two from Trinidad and Tobago, and one from Netherlands Antilles).  Once countries come to excel in certain sports it is easy to see how that excellence tends to be perpetuated since children are drawn to sports that are currently successful in the country.  Still, I find the dominance of such small countries remarkable. 

More from the Olympics

The Water Cube (or the National Aquatic Center) is where swimming and diving events are held.

My colleagues David Dollar and Mara Warwick have already posted some impressions from the Olympics.  As Mara has noted, it is certainly exciting to be living in the host city.  Beijing residents seem to be doing everything possible to welcome the influx of visitors–both from other parts of China and from around the world. In addition to the thousands of official volunteers, I have seen old men and women on the street providing directions to visitors, and have observed Chinese giving up their seats on the subway to foreign visitors who were on the way to watch the games.

Basketball at the Olympics - Best 50 RMB I ever spent

I am up in the nosebleed section with the other Beijing locals.

My first 2008 Beijing Olympics experience was great.  Like other Beijing residents I had applied through the lottery to get the right to buy tickets for my favored events, and like others I won some and lost some.  My best lottery tickets were for Sunday afternoon men’s basketball.  For 50 RMB (about US$7) per ticket, I got tickets for a session with two great games: Spain-Greece and Argentina-Lithuania.  All four are medal-contenders.  Spain was impressive in its victory over a Greek team that passes and plays together beautifully.  Argentina won the gold medal last time.  But in this opener Lithuania beat them with a 3-point shot with 2 seconds left. 

I expected the venue to be nice, but what pleasantly surprised me was the “software” side of the event.  Security was thorough but fast.  Helpful volunteers everywhere.  The games were augmented by a lively international selection of music at timeouts and breaks.  There were cheerleaders, acrobats, and people dressed up in big plastic costumes of the five Olympic mascots (each has a name that is a homonym for one of the five characters in the phrase, Beijing huanying nin, “Beijing welcomes you”).  During one break the mascots brought out a trampoline so they could do some basketball tricks like the big guys.  (Jingjing needs to work on that 360 slam dunk – missed it twice.)

On the eve of the Olympics (II) - Let the Games begin!

On the eve of the Olympics, there is a collective holding of breath amongst Beijing office colleagues.  Will everything go smoothly?  Will it rain tomorrow?  Who will light the flame?  How will the flame be lit (will the phoenix come home to roost in the bird’s nest or will the sleeping dragon finally awake)?

Having the Olympics come to town – OUR town – is pretty amazing.  The last few frenzied weeks have seen The Great Polishing of Beijing taking place.  The newspaper reported that there are a million flowers in Tiananmen Square – I wonder who counted them?  Everything that could be decorated has been – banners and flowers and bright, shiny billboards are everywhere.  The Capital Museum is staging the greatest exhibition of China’s cultural relics ever seen – many priceless relics normally stored in the vaults of China’s Forbidden City are on public display.  My colleague Chunxiang Zhang’s 16 year old niece was so enthralled by the exhibition that she stayed for 8 hours.  Even my seven year old is getting into the spirit, working on an Olympic diary that requires us to think up at least one Olympic related activity for her every day so that she has something to write about.  My four year old is still a bit unclear about what the Olympics really are, but is quite happy that the five cute mascots – Fuwa –  seem to have taken over our house.

On the eve of the Olympics (I) - China’s economy is humming along

China’s growth has held up well so far in 2008 (take a look at the Bank's Quarterly Update  for more details).  Growth rate for the first half was slightly over 10%.  Recently there has been concern about the slowdown in the growth of exports: from 28% year-on-year increase in May to 18% in June.  But monthly figures are erratic, and I am more impressed that the growth of exports for the first half was at a 22% rate, about the same as in the last part of 2007.  So, for the moment the slowdown in China – from nearly 12% growth in 2007 – is a healthy easing to a more sustainable rate of growth.

Still, there are some things to be concerned about on the growth front.  Normally I would not expect the Olympics to have much direct effect in a large economy.  But, anecdotally, I am hearing a lot of stories from the business community about difficulties in getting visas, extra security and hence delays at ports, and transportation bottlenecks in some locations.  Since most of the manufacturing production is in the South of the country, far away from the main Olympic locations, there may not be much aggregate effect from these temporary dislocations. But it is also possible that the dislocations will have a modest, negative effect on production and exports.