You may be surprised to know that Indonesia has emerged as the world's third largest emitter of carbon, following the U.S. and China. This is primarily because of land-based emissions from peatland degradation, forest fires and deforestation, complemented by some of the fastest growing energy-based emissions. In addition, as an archipelago of 17,000 islands and a significant agricultural population, its coastal urban population and farming-dependent rural economy are highly vulnerable to climate change.
For these reasons, the World Bank has been actively supporting a range of partnerships on mitigation and adaptation, including: