WALY WANE is an Economist in the Development Research Group (Public Services Team). He joined the bank in August 1999 after completing his Ph.D. at the University of Toulouse in April of the same year. His research interests include the analysis of the impact of the complex incentive structure at the frontline provider level incentives provided by both government and local communities on the determination of both the quality and quantity of supplied public services. He is also currently involved in the design of diagnostic tools for tracking public expenditures in Chad and Senegal.