Chris Kennedy is a Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Toronto, where he teaches courses in Infrastructure Economics, Engineering Ecology and Sustainable Cities. He has been a consultant on infrastructure economics for Infrastructure Canada and the Government of Ontario. He has also conducted professional and voluntary work for Environment Canada, the National Research Council, the US National Science Foundation, and the World Bank. Chris is Treasurer of the International Society for Industrial Ecology and an Associate Editor of the Journal of Industrial Ecology.