Advisor to international organizations, central banks, government agencies, and financial institutions. Currently, vising scholar, IMF; scientific advisor, Fast Forward Foundation, EU; Main Faculty member, Executive Master in Payment Systems, University of Coimbra (Portugal); contributing editor, Central Banking. Formerly: coordinator and expert of the Public Investment Evaluation Unit of Italy’s Presidency of the Council of Ministers; commercial banker and central banker; executive director, World Bank Group; executive board member, IMF; general accountant and director general of budget and finance, government of Sicily; member, G10 and European central banking working groups and task forces; head, International Payments, Bank of Italy; deputy head, International Financial Markets Analysis, Bank of Italy; expert, High-Level Commission on World Bank Reform; professor, Universities of Palermo and Salento, Italy. Expert, High-Level Commission on World Bank Reform. (Co-)Author of several studies on economics and finance. Contributor to Central Banking magazine.