Miguel Amaral is Senior Economist at the OECD Public Governance Directorate, working on the regulation of new technologies at the Regulatory Policy Division. Prior to joining the OECD, he has served as Head of the rail infrastructure managers unit at ARAFER (French rail and road regulatory body) and as chair of the binational permanent service for the regulation of the Channel Tunnel. He holds a PhD in Economics from the University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne.