Published on Let's Talk Development

Bread, freedom and the WDR 2011 on Conflict, Security and Development

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credit: 10btraveling, Flickr Creative CommonsWhich comes first in the wake of revolution, bread or freedom?

A Reuters reporter asked about this during the embargoed press briefing last Friday to launch the World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security and Development. What she wondered about was the tough choices of what to deal with most urgently in the throes of revolutions like we are seeing in the Middle East and North Africa.

In other words, should policymakers pay urgent attention to, say, food, jobs and the flow of cash or do justice and political change take precedence? 

A key point in this year’s WDR is that you need to have some quick fixes to build confidence and these may cover the ‘bread’ as well as the ‘freedom’ dimensions. For example a social safety net program for low income people that sets up food kitchens may best be carried out by local civic groups who may not have had a voice or legitimacy prior to revolution or transition. A jobs program that puts people to work restoring basic infrastructure may involve a combination of local entrepreneurs and government project managers using donor support. A community policing project may involve outside peacekeepers as well as new representatives who were until recently in the opposition.

With this in mind, World Bank Chief economist Justin Yifu Lin answered that bread and freedom must come together. Indeed, freedom can encompass the right to food as well as the freedom to choose a job, to start a new business, and to earn income to restart growth amidst transformational change.

In terms of politics, the WDR calls for building 'inclusive enough' coalitions to foster stability.

A full multimedia package is highlighted on the World Bank’s homepage and via the Conflict blog maintained by the WDR team.


Authors

Merrell Tuck-Primdahl

Communications Director, Brookings Institution’s Global Economy and Development Program

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lula
I hear this all the time. Hotels will work only with robots in the future ( I believe there are some in Japan that already do)...ok, but who is going to go to those hotels if people can make money for a living because a robot is doing their job. What is all this education for if the businesses we want to attract in the future do not need humans to function...etc, etc... My big question: If we are taken out of the equation, how are we going to make money? and if in the future we do not need money or need to work for it, what are we going to do? We are already fundamentally depressed and have lost our identity and social environment. We are more isolated than ever. And, if we will not need money or need to make a living, how is society going to function? will everything suddenly be free? will life be just a continuous holiday? I suspect not. I suspect by learning from our previous history, that there will be a few that will benefit and the rest of us will suffer. I suspect the economy you talk about Alex will operate without us benefiting the few. I really need someone to explain to me how all this is going to work.

I hear this all the time. Hotels will work only with robots in the future ( I believe there are some in Japan that already do)...ok, but who is going to go to those hotels if people can make money for a living because a robot is doing their job. What is all this education for if the businesses we want to attract in the future do not need humans to function...etc, etc... My big question: If we are taken...

Read more
John Daly
At one point I tried to explain to a very smart guy in charge of introducing computers into schools in his country that the teachers could be a very important source of innovations, and that therefore it would be important to set up a means for them to share their successes with other teachers. That was not an immediately intuitive idea. Perhaps it came to me from my own experience trying to see how I could use technology to teach better -- going beyond Power Point.

At one point I tried to explain to a very smart guy in charge of introducing computers into schools in his country that the teachers could be a very important source of innovations, and that therefore it would be important to set up a means for them to share their successes with other teachers. That was not an immediately intuitive idea. Perhaps it came to me from my own experience trying to see how...

Read more
Mike Will
Isaac Asimov once said, "Self-education is, I firmly believe, the only kind of education there is" Paradoxically perhaps, I think that both he and the article are right.

Isaac Asimov once said, "Self-education is, I firmly believe, the only kind of education there is" Paradoxically perhaps, I think that both he and the article are right.

Jo Besford
Technology can actually free teachers from many of the mundane, repetitive and often time consuming tasks which allows them then to concentrate on the aspects of teaching that no computer can replace a teacher in e.g. the guiding, interpreting, encouraging. This change in role can also be threatening! Continuing Professional Development is an essential part of any implementation process to facilitate this change.

Technology can actually free teachers from many of the mundane, repetitive and often time consuming tasks which allows them then to concentrate on the aspects of teaching that no computer can replace a teacher in e.g. the guiding, interpreting, encouraging. This change in role can also be threatening! Continuing Professional Development is an essential part of any implementation process to facilitate...

Read more
Rudyne Whyte
I, too, share the frustration of the teachers in Russia you mentioned because I am required to enter students test scores and attendance electronically plus keep a manual record, because the manual record is a legal document. That said, I welcome the technological revolution in education. It forces me to keep up to date with my practices and make new ideas and theories relating to my subject area more accessible. Technology cannot replace the human element in teaching. Teachers must now be willing to relinquish absolute control in the classroom and embrace new ways of learning. I have found that access to technology does not mean that students know how to use it to benefit them in class or for study. They still need teachers to show them that.

I, too, share the frustration of the teachers in Russia you mentioned because I am required to enter students test scores and attendance electronically plus keep a manual record, because the manual record is a legal document. That said, I welcome the technological revolution in education. It forces me to keep up to date with my practices and make new ideas and theories relating to my subject area more...

Read more
Reid Moule
No computer can smile at a student, ask them how their day has been so far, compliment them on a clever reply or admire the way they kicked a ball across a field. No computer is going to kneel down and commiserate with a student who feels sad, is going to ring their mum when they had a great day at school and share that or even just give them a wink. It is the relationships that teachers build that gets results, not technology. Does that mean I am against technology? On the contrary I think that engaging students with technology is not about regarding them as digital natives because they consume. Rather it is about computational thinking and developing their capacity for logical and design thinking by using technology like Arduino and Raspberry Pi to engage them and that understanding is critical for their future employment. Can we utilise technology more effectively? Yes. Do we need to rethink the notion of school? Yes. Do we need to rethink how we educate? Yes. But we need government and academia to rethink they way they both train teachers and fund education before real change can occur.

No computer can smile at a student, ask them how their day has been so far, compliment them on a clever reply or admire the way they kicked a ball across a field. No computer is going to kneel down and commiserate with a student who feels sad, is going to ring their mum when they had a great day at school and share that or even just give them a wink. It is the relationships that teachers build...

Read more
Ainomugisha Johnbosco
To my deepest understanding, no technology will ever stand in the shoes or place of teachers. This is so because every technological equipment needs man's knowledge in order to operate and function successfully. Nevertheless,I Concur with the saying of reduction of employment opportunities as a result of technology invention.

To my deepest understanding, no technology will ever stand in the shoes or place of teachers. This is so because every technological equipment needs man's knowledge in order to operate and function successfully. Nevertheless,I Concur with the saying of reduction of employment opportunities as a result of technology invention.

Isaac
This article is very interesting in stating both sides: robots will take over the classrooms or teachers will remain in the classrooms. I want to state that I believe both will happen, if not now, eventually then. As the article states, "Eventually, while technology will not replace teachers, teachers who use technology will replace those who do not." In quoting that, I believe this is to be true. As we all know technology is being used around the world, and is very relevant and present in pretty much everything we do in our personal lives, businesses, etc. The best way I can say this is, Technology is rising, on the rise, has been on the rise, so if you're not with it in the classroom then you will be replaced. Even youtube could replace a teacher for anyone wanting to anything from integers to how to replace your light bulb in the car. I also believe that robots definitely could and possibly will in some parts of the world replace teachers in the classroom. Especially in places where schools aren't present, or where education is difficult to obtain.

This article is very interesting in stating both sides: robots will take over the classrooms or teachers will remain in the classrooms. I want to state that I believe both will happen, if not now, eventually then. As the article states, "Eventually, while technology will not replace teachers, teachers who use technology will replace those who do not." In quoting that, I believe this is to be true....

Read more
Alex
Technology absolutely should replace teachers in much of their current teaching roles, and we should be investing heavily in this right now. Machine learning is highly applicable here and can allow us to apply individualized instruction that maximizes each student's opportunity for success. There's no reason for us not to create software that puts each student on an individualized and adaptable path through all of English, math and science education. This is critical to our future now, as an educated population becomes the chief way to attract businesses in a technologically advancing economy that replaces many jobs with artificial intelligence. We can no longer afford to have unequal education, and the huge gap in the quality of education between our various schools is now a deadly threat to our future. Turning teaching over to computers can allow us to equalize and continually improve education beyond where it stands today even in the best classrooms. While we may think of this as replacing people, the reality is that we're simply changing how people go about teaching people. We're using ingenuity to find better ways to let people do it, and we're allowing ourselves to continually improve upon our best efforts.

Technology absolutely should replace teachers in much of their current teaching roles, and we should be investing heavily in this right now. Machine learning is highly applicable here and can allow us to apply individualized instruction that maximizes each student's opportunity for success. There's no reason for us not to create software that puts each student on an individualized and adaptable path...

Read more
John Daly
At one point I tried to explain to a very smart guy in charge of introducing computers into schools in his country that the teachers could be a very important source of innovations, and that therefore it would be important to set up a means for them to share their successes with other teachers. That was not an immediately intuitive idea. Perhaps it came to me from my own experience trying to see how I could use technology to teach better -- going beyond Power Point.

At one point I tried to explain to a very smart guy in charge of introducing computers into schools in his country that the teachers could be a very important source of innovations, and that therefore it would be important to set up a means for them to share their successes with other teachers. That was not an immediately intuitive idea. Perhaps it came to me from my own experience trying to see how...

Read more
Mike Will
Isaac Asimov once said, "Self-education is, I firmly believe, the only kind of education there is" Paradoxically perhaps, I think that both he and the article are right.

Isaac Asimov once said, "Self-education is, I firmly believe, the only kind of education there is" Paradoxically perhaps, I think that both he and the article are right.

Jo Besford
Technology can actually free teachers from many of the mundane, repetitive and often time consuming tasks which allows them then to concentrate on the aspects of teaching that no computer can replace a teacher in e.g. the guiding, interpreting, encouraging. This change in role can also be threatening! Continuing Professional Development is an essential part of any implementation process to facilitate this change.

Technology can actually free teachers from many of the mundane, repetitive and often time consuming tasks which allows them then to concentrate on the aspects of teaching that no computer can replace a teacher in e.g. the guiding, interpreting, encouraging. This change in role can also be threatening! Continuing Professional Development is an essential part of any implementation process to facilitate...

Read more
Rudyne Whyte
I, too, share the frustration of the teachers in Russia you mentioned because I am required to enter students test scores and attendance electronically plus keep a manual record, because the manual record is a legal document. That said, I welcome the technological revolution in education. It forces me to keep up to date with my practices and make new ideas and theories relating to my subject area more accessible. Technology cannot replace the human element in teaching. Teachers must now be willing to relinquish absolute control in the classroom and embrace new ways of learning. I have found that access to technology does not mean that students know how to use it to benefit them in class or for study. They still need teachers to show them that.

I, too, share the frustration of the teachers in Russia you mentioned because I am required to enter students test scores and attendance electronically plus keep a manual record, because the manual record is a legal document. That said, I welcome the technological revolution in education. It forces me to keep up to date with my practices and make new ideas and theories relating to my subject area more...

Read more
Reid Moule
No computer can smile at a student, ask them how their day has been so far, compliment them on a clever reply or admire the way they kicked a ball across a field. No computer is going to kneel down and commiserate with a student who feels sad, is going to ring their mum when they had a great day at school and share that or even just give them a wink. It is the relationships that teachers build that gets results, not technology. Does that mean I am against technology? On the contrary I think that engaging students with technology is not about regarding them as digital natives because they consume. Rather it is about computational thinking and developing their capacity for logical and design thinking by using technology like Arduino and Raspberry Pi to engage them and that understanding is critical for their future employment. Can we utilise technology more effectively? Yes. Do we need to rethink the notion of school? Yes. Do we need to rethink how we educate? Yes. But we need government and academia to rethink they way they both train teachers and fund education before real change can occur.

No computer can smile at a student, ask them how their day has been so far, compliment them on a clever reply or admire the way they kicked a ball across a field. No computer is going to kneel down and commiserate with a student who feels sad, is going to ring their mum when they had a great day at school and share that or even just give them a wink. It is the relationships that teachers build...

Read more
Ainomugisha Johnbosco
To my deepest understanding, no technology will ever stand in the shoes or place of teachers. This is so because every technological equipment needs man's knowledge in order to operate and function successfully. Nevertheless,I Concur with the saying of reduction of employment opportunities as a result of technology invention.

To my deepest understanding, no technology will ever stand in the shoes or place of teachers. This is so because every technological equipment needs man's knowledge in order to operate and function successfully. Nevertheless,I Concur with the saying of reduction of employment opportunities as a result of technology invention.

Isaac
This article is very interesting in stating both sides: robots will take over the classrooms or teachers will remain in the classrooms. I want to state that I believe both will happen, if not now, eventually then. As the article states, "Eventually, while technology will not replace teachers, teachers who use technology will replace those who do not." In quoting that, I believe this is to be true. As we all know technology is being used around the world, and is very relevant and present in pretty much everything we do in our personal lives, businesses, etc. The best way I can say this is, Technology is rising, on the rise, has been on the rise, so if you're not with it in the classroom then you will be replaced. Even youtube could replace a teacher for anyone wanting to anything from integers to how to replace your light bulb in the car. I also believe that robots definitely could and possibly will in some parts of the world replace teachers in the classroom. Especially in places where schools aren't present, or where education is difficult to obtain.

This article is very interesting in stating both sides: robots will take over the classrooms or teachers will remain in the classrooms. I want to state that I believe both will happen, if not now, eventually then. As the article states, "Eventually, while technology will not replace teachers, teachers who use technology will replace those who do not." In quoting that, I believe this is to be true....

Read more
Alex
Technology absolutely should replace teachers in much of their current teaching roles, and we should be investing heavily in this right now. Machine learning is highly applicable here and can allow us to apply individualized instruction that maximizes each student's opportunity for success. There's no reason for us not to create software that puts each student on an individualized and adaptable path through all of English, math and science education. This is critical to our future now, as an educated population becomes the chief way to attract businesses in a technologically advancing economy that replaces many jobs with artificial intelligence. We can no longer afford to have unequal education, and the huge gap in the quality of education between our various schools is now a deadly threat to our future. Turning teaching over to computers can allow us to equalize and continually improve education beyond where it stands today even in the best classrooms. While we may think of this as replacing people, the reality is that we're simply changing how people go about teaching people. We're using ingenuity to find better ways to let people do it, and we're allowing ourselves to continually improve upon our best efforts.

Technology absolutely should replace teachers in much of their current teaching roles, and we should be investing heavily in this right now. Machine learning is highly applicable here and can allow us to apply individualized instruction that maximizes each student's opportunity for success. There's no reason for us not to create software that puts each student on an individualized and adaptable path...

Read more
lula
I hear this all the time. Hotels will work only with robots in the future ( I believe there are some in Japan that already do)...ok, but who is going to go to those hotels if people can make money for a living because a robot is doing their job. What is all this education for if the businesses we want to attract in the future do not need humans to function...etc, etc... My big question: If we are taken out of the equation, how are we going to make money? and if in the future we do not need money or need to work for it, what are we going to do? We are already fundamentally depressed and have lost our identity and social environment. We are more isolated than ever. And, if we will not need money or need to make a living, how is society going to function? will everything suddenly be free? will life be just a continuous holiday? I suspect not. I suspect by learning from our previous history, that there will be a few that will benefit and the rest of us will suffer. I suspect the economy you talk about Alex will operate without us benefiting the few. I really need someone to explain to me how all this is going to work.

I hear this all the time. Hotels will work only with robots in the future ( I believe there are some in Japan that already do)...ok, but who is going to go to those hotels if people can make money for a living because a robot is doing their job. What is all this education for if the businesses we want to attract in the future do not need humans to function...etc, etc... My big question: If we are taken...

Read more
Nathalie Argueles
This entire post absolutely ROCKS! Thank you for all the hard work you put into it. It really shows.

This entire post absolutely ROCKS! Thank you for all the hard work you put into it. It really shows.

Nathalie Argueles
This entire post absolutely ROCKS! Thank you for all the hard work you put into it. It really shows.

This entire post absolutely ROCKS! Thank you for all the hard work you put into it. It really shows.