Countdown to 2030: A race against time to end extreme poverty

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Imagine you are in a race, running at a steady pace during the first two-thirds. However, you notice that your pace is slowing, and you realize that unless you make changes you are not only not going to win, but you risk not even completing the race.

I find this analogy to work well while narrating the story about the reduction in global extreme poverty to my family and friends. As we move into 2020, we only have a decade to make extreme poverty history.   Even though this is when we should be ratcheting up the pace, it has been slowing for the last few years, so that the world not only risks missing out on its extreme poverty reduction goals, but in some cases, we are seeing a reversal in the gains achieved.

For several years, we’ve been warning that the pace of extreme poverty reduction has slowed considerably. From 1990 to until 2015, global extreme poverty declined, on average, by a percentage point. However, from 2013 to 2015, poverty declined only by 0.6 percentage points per year. And initial estimates for 2018 show that extreme poverty dropped just 1.4 percentage points in the three years between 2015 and 2018. 

One could point to the uneven progress across regions as well as in countries. The two regions with the most poor people in 1990 were East Asia and Pacific and South Asia, accounting for 80 percent of the extreme poor.  With China’s rapid reduction of poverty, the concentration of the global poor shifted from East Asia in 1990s to South Asia in 2002, and then to Sub-Saharan Africa in 2010.

 

Map: Center of Gravity of Extreme Poverty

 

If we further explore, half of the world’s poor live in just five countries — India, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, and Bangladesh. The top two countries — Nigeria and India — are showing diverging trends. Nigeria may have already overtaken India as the country with the most extreme poor while India has been rapidly reducing extreme poverty and estimates forecast that the country can achieve the extreme poverty goal.

 

 

Projections also show us that the last mile to reduce poverty is going to be the toughest because extreme poverty is beginning to be concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa and in fragile economies, places where poverty has become entrenched. 

 

 

That’s why in 2020, we will be launching a new Poverty and Shared Prosperity Report that will look at what will it take for countries to expedite poverty reduction, focusing on both policies choices and implementation challenges. The report will also let us know based on the latest data if the world is back on track to ending extreme poverty or if urgent course-correction is required.

While the report will deliberate specific policy choices for pathways out of poverty, we also know from successful country experiences some common building blocks for poverty reduction. Six broad policy actions emerge that have proven to work across countries at various levels of development:

  • Help the poor build assets such as real estate, small businesses, and the health and education that will enable them to be productive workers
  • Create and increase access to inclusive markets
  • Leverage technology to broaden the access to finance
  • Build resilience to shocks
  • Involve the private sector in raising opportunities for the poor including improving the business climate for private sector growth and investment
  • Strengthen macroeconomic stability and debt management

It goes without saying that for countries to adapt these policy interventions requires strong and stable growth. However if the benefits of such growth isn’t shared widely, there is no way a country can sustain its progress.

We now know that nations with a widening gap between those who can and cannot access opportunities in life have difficulty sustaining economic growth and social stability over time. To date, no country has managed to transition beyond middle-income status while maintaining high levels of inequality. That’s why acting on inequality isn’t only beneficial for poverty reduction but also for ensuring social cohesion. 

Going back to my race analogy, we are entering the final phase of the race and our collective actions will determine if we can take the checkered flag or not by 2030. Of course, extreme poverty isn’t the only goal on which the world will be judged. 2030 will also mark the culmination point for 16 other Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations. From tackling inequality to curbing climate change, these goals provide an urgent call for action to ensure that we build a better future for everyone. It is now up to all of us — governments, businesses, civil society, and the general public — to ensure prosperity and peace for the people and the planet.

Authors

Carolina Sánchez-Páramo

Director, Strategy and Operations, Europe and Central Asia

Ekong Imona
September 10, 2021

It is a decade of action stemming from the fact that it is time to be deliberate and strategic. The world needs influencers spear heading development that is geared towards addressing Human Development Index ,Human Potential Index and Human Perception Index.

Okwuwa Charles Asia
September 10, 2021

Thank you Madam Carolina Sanchez-Paramo and World Bank for the publication on extreme poverty.
I have read the publication (Countdown to 2030. A race against time to end extreme poverty) concerning the Vision 2030 for ending extreme poverty and the possible impossibility of attaining the target. I stumbled into the publication on 17th January, 2020 meanwhile, I had earlier had a discussion with my colleague in Lagos, Nigeria. Both of us agreeing that Nigeria can’t attain this goal of ending extreme poverty by 2030, so expected the World Bank to come up with a report exempting Nigeria chiefly because we are clearly not on the path of doing and this you have clearly done and done very well.
It is established that the Nigerian Government has fallen short of expectations and is not at the verge of ending extreme poverty by 2030. That a new poverty and shared prosperity report will be launched by the World Bank, to look at what it will take for countries to expedite extreme poverty reduction, focusing on both policies choices and implementation challenges is a good idea however, more can be done in the area of engaging the private sector in achieving this goal. I am of the opinion that while working with the governments of countries, the private sector should be engaged as well.
Let the action begin!
Please, find link below for more insight into how the 6 broad policies can be actioned through private sector partnership.
https://ie3-broadcast.officeapps.live.com/m/Broadcast.aspx?Fi=ecdd68d31…

Charles Asia
Head, New Frontiers and Business Growth
Pioven System Consulting

Sampson Aglanu Kwamla
September 10, 2021

Great analysis Carolina Sanchez - Paramo.
The problem in Africa has to do more with political leadership. If greed and corruption can be dealt with in a systemic way in Africa, the continent will also be on the road to not only reducing extreme poverty but also achieving the other SDGs with good outcome. Attitudes simply need to be changed and we will see massive development in Africa.
To achieve real sustainable development in Africa and other parts of the world, more attention must be given to the young ones. The key to ensuring the long term sustainability of whatever will be achieved today is in their hands. Let's develop systems that can help do this.